A carbon nanotube (CNT) consists of carbon atoms arranged in a one-dimensional structure, resembling a rolled-up sheet of graphene – a flat, two-dimensional arrangement of carbon atoms in a hexagonal pattern. Picture a little cylinder formed by rolling up this graphene sheet.
The exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of CNTs make them crucial for working at the nanoscale. What sets CNTs apart is their ability to function as both a metal and a semiconductor, depending on their shape. It’s akin to having a material that can seamlessly switch between being a good conductor of electricity (like metal) and controlling the flow of electricity (like a semiconductor).
CNTs boast a high current-handling capacity, with an impressive current density of 1010 A/cm2. Additionally, they enable electricity to travel significant distances without encountering obstacles – with a mean-free path of about 1 µm. These characteristics render CNTs valuable for crafting ultra-fast nanoelectronic devices and minuscule connections between components, known as nano interconnects.
In the realm of metallic CNTs, the focus lies in creating these tiny connections. Conversely, in the case of semiconducting CNTs, efforts are directed toward exploring the development of field-effect transistors, essential components in electronic devices.