Second Order Effects in CMOS
Second-order effects in CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technology refer to non-ideal behaviors that develop as a result of the physical constraints of the circuit’s used components. The second Order Effect of CMOS is an unwanted effect in CMOS, which is the following.
- Channel Length Modulation
- Hot-Carrier Effects
- Mobility Degradation
- Temperature Dependence
- Threshold Voltage
- Velocity Saturation
