What is Dangling Bond?
A dangling bond refers to an unsatisfied valence on an immobilized atom. Atoms typically strive to gain enough electrons to fill their valence shell, and one way they achieve this is by forming covalent bonds with other atoms. In the simplest case of a single covalent bond, two atoms each contribute one unpaired electron, and these electrons are shared between the atoms.
However, in some situations, certain atoms may not have enough bonding partners to satisfy their valences, leading to the presence of unpaired electrons. These atoms are called free radicals. Molecules containing such atoms are also termed free radicals. When a free radical exists in an immobilized environment, like a solid material, it is referred to as an “immobilized free radical” or a “dangling bond.”
In summary, a dangling bond represents an unpaired electron on an immobilized atom, and it occurs when an atom lacks sufficient bonding partners to complete its valence shell. These free radicals can be found in both atoms and molecules and are called “immobilized free radicals” when present in solid materials.
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